He was still sick was obvious to the entire medical staff. What is most important in this situation it is to finish on time. The newspapers that were piled up on the front porch were an indication that the residents had not been home in some time. Dolphins form extremely complicated 3. At the end of the nineteenth century. A need for space law to include not necessarily be in the final draft.
B It appears C What appears A the commercial launch industry D Despite its appearance B the commercial launch industry has C as has the commercial launch 8.
Inverted subjects and verbs occur most often in the formation of a question. To form a question with a helping verb be, have, can, could, will, would, etc. He can go to the movies. Can he go to the movies? You would tell me the truth. Would you tell me the truth? She was sick yesterday. Was she sick yesterday? To form a question when there is no helping verb in the sentence, the helping verb do is used.
He goes to the movies. Does he go to the movies? You told me the truth. Did you tell me the truth? There are many other situations in English when subjects and verbs are inverted, but if you just remember this method of inverting subjects and verbs, you will be able to handle the other situations. The most common problems with inverted subjects and verbs on the TOEFL test occur in the following situations: 1 with question words such as what, when, where, why, and how; 2 after some place expressions; 3 after negative expressions; 4 in some conditionals; and 5 after some comparisons.
These words can have two very different functions in a sentence. First, they can introduce a question, and in this case the subject and verb that follow are inverted.
What is the homework? When can I leave? Where are you going? Also, these words can join together two clauses, and in this case the subject and verb that follow are not inverted. I do not know what the homework is. When I can leave, I will take the first train. Do you know where you are going? In each of these examples there are two clauses joined by a question word. Notice that the subjects and verbs that follow the question words what, when, and where are not inverted in this case.
A did he do B did he C he did D did In this example the question word why is used to connect the two clauses, so a subject and verb are needed after this connector; this is not a question, so the subject and verb should not be inverted. The best answer is therefore answer C.
This can happen with single words expressing place, such as here, there, or nowhere. Here is the book that you lent me. There are the keys that I thought I lost. Nowhere have I seen such beautiful weather. In the first example the place word here causes the subject book to come after the verb is. In the second example the place word there causes the subject keys to come after the verb are. In the last example the place word nowhere causes the subject I to come after the verb have.
The subject and verb can also be inverted after prepositional phrases expressing place. In the closet are the clothes that you want. Beyond the mountains lies the town where you will live.
In the first example the prepositional phrase of place in the closet causes the subject clothes to come after the verb are. In the second example the prepositional phrase of place around the corner causes the subject house to come after the verb is. In the last example the prepositional phrase of place beyond the mountains causes the subject town to come after the verb lies.
Study the following examples: In the forest are many exotic birds. In the forest I walked for many hours. In the first example the subject birds and verb are are inverted because the place expression in the forest is needed to complete the idea many exotic birds are In the second example the subject I and the verb walked are not inverted because the idea I walked for many hours is complete without the place expression in the forest; the place expression is therefore not needed to complete the sentence.
Example On the second level of the parking lot A is empty B are empty C some empty stalls are D are some empty stalls This example begins with the place expression on the second level of the parking lot, which consists of two prepositional phrases, on the second level and of the parking lot. This sentence needs a subject and a verb to be complete, and the two answers that contain both a subject stalls and verb are are answers C and D.
The subject and verb should be inverted because the place expression is necessary to complete the idea some empty stalls are The best answer is therefore answer D. When a place expression at the front of the sentence contains extra information that is not needed to complete the sentence, the subject and verb that follow are not inverted. When negative expressions, such as no, not, or never, come at the beginning of a sentence, the subject and verb are inverted.
Not once did I miss a question. Never has Mr. Jones taken a vacation. At no time can the woman talk on the telephone. In the first example the negative expression not once causes the subject I to come after the helping verb did. In the second example the negative word never causes the subject Mr. Jones to come after the helping verb has.
In the last example the negative expression at no time causes the subject woman to come after the helping verb can. Certain words in English, such as hardly, barely, scarcely, and only, act like negatives. If one of these words comes at the beginning of a sentence, the subject and verb are also inverted.
Hardly ever does he take time off. This means that he almost never takes time off. Only once did the manager issue overtime paychecks. This means that the manager almost never issued overtime paychecks. When a negative expression appears in front of a subject and verb in the middle of a sentence, the subject and verb are also inverted.
This happens often with the negative words neither and nor. I do not want to go, and neither does Tom. The secretary is not attending the meeting, nor is her boss. In the first example the negative neither causes the subject Tom to come after the helping verb does. In the second example the negative nor causes the subject boss to come after the verb is.
A will be the printing presses B the printing presses will be C that the printing presses will be D will the printing presses be In this example you should notice that the sentence begins with the negative only, so an inverted subject and verb are needed. Answer D contains a correctly inverted subject and verb, with the helping verb will, the subject printing presses, and the main verb be, so answer D is the best answer.
This can occur when the helping verb in the conditional clause is had, should, or were, and the conditional connector if is omitted. If he had taken more time, the results would have been better.
Had he taken more time, the results would have been better. I would help you if I were in a position to help. I would help you were I in a position to help. If you should arrive before , just give me a call. Should you arrive before , just give me a call.
In each of these examples you can see that when if is included, the subject and verb are in the regular order if he had taken, if I were, if you should arrive. It is also possible to omit if; in this case, the subject and verb are inverted had he taken, were I, should you arrive. A if more care B more care had been taken C had taken more care D had more care been taken In this example a connector if and a subject and verb are needed, but if could be omitted and the subject and verb inverted.
Answer A is incorrect because it contains the connector if and the subject care but no verb. Answer B is incorrect because it contains the subject care and the verb had been taken but does not have a connector.
In answers C and D , if has been omitted. Because it is correct to invert the subject more care and the helping verb had, answer D is correct. It is also possible to keep if. Then subject and verb are not inverted If S V If he were here, he would help. The inversion of a subject and verb after a comparison is optional, rather than required, and it is a rather formal structure.
There have been a number of inverted comparisons on recent TOEFL tests, so you should be familiar with this structure. My sister spends more hours in the office than John. My sister spends more hours in the office than John does. My sister spends more hours in the office than does John. All three of these examples contain the comparison more. It is possible to have the noun John alone, as in the first example; it is possible that the comparison is followed by the subject and verb John does, as in the second example; it is also possible that the comparison is followed by the inverted subject and verb does John, as in the third example.
A them B were C they were D were they In this example you should notice the comparison more consistent than, and you should also understand that the results of the current experiment is being compared with the results of any previous tests. Because the results of any previous tests is the subject, only a verb is needed; the best answer to this question is therefore answer B. We know that it is possible for a subject and a verb to be inverted after a comparison, and in this case the subject the results of any previous tests comes after the verb were.
Circle the structures that may require inverted subjects and verbs. The town council is not sure why have the land developers changed their plans. Never in the world I believed that this would happen.
The day might have been a little more enjoyable had the sun been out a little more. Down the hall to the left the offices are that need to be painted. Did the scientist explain what he put in the beaker? Hardly ever it snows in this section of the country.
In the state of California, earthquakes occur regularly. He should ever call again, please tell him that I am not at home. B are C in the observatories A the U. Army Corps of Engineers 2. Army Corps of Engineers world. Potassium has a valence of positive one because it usually loses one electron 9.
A does it combine A each eyelid B it combines B is each eyelid C in combining C each eyelid are D combination D each eyelid which is 7. The economic background of labor Since an immediate change was needed from one to twenty points each.
Some fishing fleets might not have been 9. The Dewey Decimal System, currently Each question in this section consists of one sentence in which four words or groups of words have been underlined.
You must choose the letter of the word or group of words that is not correct. Example I The final delivery of the day is the importantest. A B C D If you look at the underlined words in this example, you should notice immediately that importantest is not correct. The correct superlative form of important is the most important. Therefore, you should choose answer D because D is not correct.
Example II The books that I read was interesting. A B C D If you look at the underlined words in this example, each word by itself appears to be correct. However, the singular verb was is incorrect because it does not agree with the plural subject books; the verb should be were instead. Therefore, you should choose answer C because C is not correct. First look at the underlined word or groups of words.
You want to see if you can spot which of the four answer choices is not correct. If you have been unable to find the error by looking only at the four underlined expressions, then read the complete sentence. Often an underlined expression is incorrect because of something in another part of the sentence.
The following skills will help you to implement these strategies in the Written Expression questions. An on a verb usually indicates that a verb is singular, while an s on a noun usually; indicates that the noun is plural.
Do not forget irregular plurals of nouns, such as women, children, and people. The boy walks to school. The boys walk to school. In the first example the singular subject boy requires a singular verb, walks.
In the second example the plural subject boys requires a plural verb, walk. If the object of the preposition is singular and the subject is plural, or if the object of the preposition is plural and the subject is singular, there can be confusion in making the subject and verb agree.
However, doors is not the subject because it is the object of the preposition to. The subject of the sentence is key, so the verb should be is. In the second example you might think that door is the subject because it comes directly in front of the verb is. You should recognize in this example that door is not the subject because it is the object of the preposition to. Because the subject of the sentence is keys, the verb should be are. In this situation, the subject all most, or some can be singular or plural, depending on what follows the preposition of.
All of the book was interesting. In the second example the subject all refers to the plural noun books, so the correct verb is the plural verb were. In the third example the subject all refers to the uncountable noun information, so the correct verb is therefore the singular verb was. This can occur after question words Skill 15 , after place expressions Skill 16 , after negative expressions Skill 17 , after omitted conditionals Skill 18 , and after some comparisons Skill When the subject and verb are inverted, it can be difficult to locate them, and it can therefore be a problem to make them agree.
House is not the subject, however, because it is the object of the preposition behind. The subject of the sentence is bicycles, and the subject bicycles comes after the verb because of the place expression behind the house.
Because the subject bicycles is plural, the verb should be changed to the plural were. In the second example the subject bicycle comes after the verb were because of the place expression behind the houses. Because the subject bicycle is singular, the verb should be changed to the singular was. Even though we understand from this example that a lot of people are going to the theater, everybody is singular and requires a singular verb.
The plural verb are going should be changed to the singular verb is going. The contracts signed by the company has been voided because some stipulations were not met. Ten miles beyond the river was the farmlands that they had purchased with their life savings.
Each package that is not properly wrapped have to be returned to the sender. She would not have to enter the house through the bedroom window were the keys where they were supposed to be. The proposal brought so much new work to the partnership that there was not enough hours to complete all of it.
The box of ribbons for the electric typewriter have been misplaced. It is disconcerting to believe that every possible candidate has been rejected for one reason or another. Only once have there been more excitement in this city about a sporting event. Bobby has a bigger bicycle than does the other children in the neighborhood. If nobody have bought that car from the dealer, then you should return and make another offer. Each number in a binary system are formed from only two symbols.
Scientists at the medical center is trying to determine if there is a relationship A B C between saccharine and cancer. The great digital advances of the electronic age, such as integrated circuitry A B and a microcomputer, has been planted in tiny chips.
There are many frequently mentioned reasons why one out of four arrests A B C involve a juvenile. Only with a two-thirds vote by both houses are the U. Congress able to A B C override a presidential veto. D calls the bass 3. More than half of the children in the 1, member district qualifies for A B C reduced-price or free lunches.
Five miles beyond the hills were a fire with its flames reaching up to the sky. Kettledrums, what were first played on horseback, were incorporated into the A B C D orchestra in the eighteenth century.
When is a flag hung upside down, it is an internationally recognized symbol of distress. The Museum of the Confederation in Richmond hosts an exhibition which A documenting the origins and history of the banner that most Americans B C think of as the Confederate flag. The following is an example of a sentence that is not parallel: I like to sing and dancing. The expression to sing is correct by itself, and the word dancing is correct by itself.
Both of the following sentences are correct: I like to sing. I like dancing. The problem in the incorrect example is that to sing and dancing are joined together in one sentence with and. They are different forms where it is possible to have similar forms; therefore the example is not parallel.
It can be corrected in two different ways: we can make the first expression like the second, or we can make the second expression like the first. I like to sing and to dance. I like singing and dancing. Parallel structures are required in the following situations: 1 with coordinate conjunctions, such as and, but, or; 2 with paired conjunctions, such as both.
In other words, what is on one side of these words must be parallel to what is on the other side. These conjunctions can join nouns, or verbs, or adjectives, or phrases, or subordinate clauses, or main clauses; they just must join together two of the same thing. Here are examples of two nouns joined by a coordinate conjunction: I need to talk to the manager or the assistant manager.
She is not a teacher but a lawyer. You can choose from activities such as hiking and kayaking. Here are examples of two verbs joined by a coordinate conjunction: He eats and sleeps only when he takes a vacation.
She invites us to her home but never talks with us. You can stay home or go to the movies with us. Here are examples of two adjectives joined by a coordinate conjunction: My boss is sincere and nice. The exam that he gave was short but difficult. Class can be interesting or boring. Here are examples of two phrases joined by a coordinate conjunction: There are students in the classroom and in front of the building. The papers are on my desk or in the drawer. The checks will be ready not at noon but at Here are examples of two clauses joined by a coordinate conjunction: They are not interested in what you say or what you do.
I am here because I have to be and because I want to be. Brown likes to go home early, but his wife prefers to stay late. Contoh soal toefl structure and written expression dan pembahasannya pdf. When you take the actual TOEFL test you will not be allowed to take notes or write in your test book. Anda mempunyai waktu 25 menit untuk mengerjakan soal pada sesi ini. Paket soal 1 gratis untuk. Hal yang pertama Anda lakukan yaitu mencoba memasukkan jawaban A pada soal. Structure and written expression 1.
You will be required to find the mistakes and correct them by choosing the right answer. There are two types of questions in the structure and written expression section of the toefl. Toefl exercise skills. There are two types of questions in this section with special directions for each type. Toefl section 2 structure and written expression pdf toefel section 2.
Questions 1 4 are incomplete sentences. By marisa soleha posted on september 13 toefel section 2. This section consists of forty questions some tests may be longer. Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Rusdi Noor Rosa. A short summary of this paper. Download Download PDF. Translate PDF. Subject Predicate a. Noun b. Pronoun Verb c. Noun Phrase d. Which of them are correct? Yesterday B. In the morning C. Traffic D.
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